I am a historian of modern India at the Department of History, University of Delhi, with a longstanding interest in the intersections of gender, caste, sexuality, and religious identities in early twentieth-century North India. My work draws deeply from Hindi vernacular sources—popular tracts, magazines, cartoons, and pamphlets—which offer a rich yet underexplored archive for understanding the everyday life of Hindu nationalist ideologies and also ways in which it was punctured or questioned. Since my doctoral research in 1996, I have been particularly drawn to the everyday gender and caste dimensions of Hindu politics.
This book enriched my understanding of how Hindu nationalism framed India’s imagination, not just through politics but also through publishing. Mukul’s minute excavation of Gita Press’s empire enthralled me—how two Marwari businessmen set up a publication house to strengthen militant Hindu nationalism.
What particularly stunned me was the reach of this vernacular press and its publications and how many nationalists legitimized its project—their bylines sandwiched between caste orthodoxy and cow protection pamphlets.
The book powerfully showed to me how a ‘spiritual’ enterprise quietly standardized the grammar of Hindutva, making devotion quantifiable, nationalism religious, and majoritarianism sacred.
'[An] important and timely contribution to the study of religious-cultural populism.' - Pankaj Mishra
'A powerful and original work of historical scholarship.' - Ramachandra Guha'
'Mukul rolls out a remarkably detailed map of print Hinduism.' - Shahid Amin
In the early 1920s, Jaydayal Goyandka and Hanuman Prasad Poddar, two Marwari businessmen-turned-spiritualists, set up the Gita Press and Kalyan magazine. As of early 2014, Gita Press had sold close to 72 million copies of the Gita, 70 million copies of Tulsidas's works and 19 million copies of scriptures like the Puranas and Upanishads. And…
This book left a deep impact on me because it exposed how Hindu nationalism did not just politicize religion; it rewired gender itself. Sarkar’s razor-sharp analysis of Bankimchandra’s novels, women’s memoirs, scandal, rumors, and popular press powerfully showed me how Hindu patriarchal norms were rewritten to shape dominant conceptions of womanhood, domesticity, wifeliness, and mothering.
What I found particularly enriching in the book was the stimulating use of vernacular sources to weave an everyday social history of Hindu cultural revivalism in the late nineteenth century. It is indeed a landmark work from one of the most creative and thinking historians of gender and Hindu histories in colonial times.
This text discusses the Hindu ideas and traditions that have shaped dominant conceptions of Indian women and the nation as a whole. It examines how these traditions are being subverted or transformed by fundamentalist forms of Hinduism. The concepts of Indian "womanhood", "domesticity", "wifeliness", "mothering", and India as a Hindu nation are examined through the literary and social traditions, popular culture and rhetoric, which have shaped the reality of modern India. This book is a critique of many of the dominating concepts by which some Indians live today.
It is April 1st, 2038. Day 60 of China's blockade of the rebel island of Taiwan.
The US government has agreed to provide Taiwan with a weapons system so advanced that it can disrupt the balance of power in the region. But what pilot would be crazy enough to run…
I loved this book because it nuanced my understanding of how modern Hindu identity was manufactured through Hindi literature in the literary salons and polemics of nineteenth-century Banaras. Dalmia’s intricate study of the life and writings of Bharatendu Harischandra, a colorful and creative personality and often called the Father of Modern Hindi, impacted me strongly.
Here was a writer, playwright, publisher, and polemicist who played a critical role in the formation of Hindu modernity in North India. I also find the book interesting for its description of social history, rooted in the ancient city of Banaras.
This volume studies how a dominant strand of Hinduism in north India--the tradition which uses and misuses the slogan "Hindi-Hindu-Hindustan"--came into being in the late nineteenth century. It examines the life and writings of one major Hindi writer of the nineteenth century--the playwright, journalist, and polemicist Bharatendu Harishchandra (often called the "Father of Modern Hindi")--as its focal point for an analysis of some of the vital cultural processes through which modern north India came to be formed.
I really enjoyed reading this book because it offers a deeply original perspective on Hindu nationalism by shifting the focus away from the usual Hindu Right organizations and instead examining how its idioms infiltrated the Congress party in the United Provinces.
Gould’s analysis is important because it reveals how Hindu nationalist ideas operated beneath the surface of a party officially committed to secularism. This covert influence, as he shows, played a key role in alienating Muslim communities and complicating the communal landscape in the run-up to Partition.
I appreciate how the book draws on a rich variety of historical sources to unpack these dynamics, making it a significant contribution to our understanding of how political language shapes ideological outcomes.
In this book William Gould explores what is arguably one of the most important and controversial themes in twentieth-century Indian history and politics: the nature of Hindu nationalism as an ideology and political language. Rather than concentrating on the main institutions of the Hindu Right in India as other studies have done, the author uses a variety of historical sources to analyse how Hindu nationalism affected the supposedly secularist Congress in the key state of Uttar Pradesh. In this way, the author offers an alternative assessment of how these languages and ideologies transformed the relationship between Congress and north Indian…
It is April 1st, 2038. Day 60 of China's blockade of the rebel island of Taiwan.
The US government has agreed to provide Taiwan with a weapons system so advanced that it can disrupt the balance of power in the region. But what pilot would be crazy enough to run…
This is the final book that I have included in my list. I read this book only recently and thought of it as an important intervention because it traces the roots of modern Hindu nationalism to the encounter between Hindu society and European missionaries under colonial rule, an angle often overlooked in mainstream scholarship.
Manu S. Pillai persuasively shows how colonial pressures led to a reimagining of Hinduism, not just as resistance but also as adaptation and appropriation. For me, the book showed how Hindu nationalism emerged from this complex process, shaped by both confrontation and mimicry.
Its rich cast of historical actors and lucid narrative style make it an important intervention, one that connects cultural anxieties, colonial power, and identity formation with striking clarity.
I wrote this book to recover lost histories of Hindu social life through individual actors and genres in early twentieth-century vernacular print culture. What drew me in were public intellectuals who imagined a Hindu world far more plural than today’s monochrome nationalism: an anticaste sexologist advocating intercaste love, a woman ayurvedic practitioner rethinking female health, a travel writer problematically envisioning a muscular Hindu geography, and a communist journalist fusing Hinduism with Marxism.
These figures reveal how Hindi print was once a carnival of Hindu possibilities and not a vehicle of homogenization. This book is my statement against the narrowing of Hindu identities—an invitation to rediscover the messy and contested past of Hindi and Hindu through voices once loud, now forgotten.
